What is tooth decay?
It's actually a breakdown of the layers of your teeth. The tooth has multiple layers in it, and depending on how far and how deep this cavity extends determines the necessities to fix it.
What causes dental decay?
It's a bacterial process. We have certain bacteria in our mouths. Some people have less, some people have more, meaning some people are less prone or more prone to cavities. These bacteria break down carbohydrates and sugars that you ingest and produce acid, which breaks down your teeth. So it's really a bacterial/acidic process that causes tooth decay.
What are the signs of tooth decay?
Usually, in the beginning when it's early, you as the patient may not even realize that there's anything wrong. The tooth looks totally whole on the outside, and you may have no symptoms at all. It's not until we take an x-ray that we can actually see that there's a cavity or tooth decay. But as the cavity grows bigger and the decay grows larger and gets closer and closer to the nerve, you may have pain, including severe pain that affects your ability to sleep.
What are the effects of tooth decay?
There are several effects. Locally, the tooth breaks down, which can lead to cracks, cavities, or even breakage, requiring fillings, root canals, or crowns to fix it. Since this is a bacterial process and the mouth is connected to the rest of the body, it can also affect your heart, blood sugar, and blood pressure, making oral health crucial for overall body health.
Can tooth decay return to normal?
Usually no. It depends on how far and how deep into the tooth the decay has gone. If it's very shallow, it can potentially reverse itself and we usually won't touch it. However, once it gets bigger, it doesn't take long for it to grow into a large cavity causing significant pain. Catching it early makes treatment much simpler and less expensive.
At what point is tooth decay irreversible?
It depends on how far it goes into the tooth. Teeth have three layers. The outer layer, enamel, is very hard and takes a long time for bacteria to penetrate. While decay is limited to the enamel, we may not need to intervene. Once it breaks into the dentin, the next layer, it becomes irreversible and requires treatment.
What are some treatments for tooth decay?
Treatment depends on the depth of the decay. For shallow decay in the enamel, brushing, flossing, and fluoride may suffice. For decay in the dentin, a small filling may be needed. If it reaches the nerve, a root canal and possibly a crown are necessary. In severe cases, the tooth may not be salvageable.
Is tooth decay painful?
In its early stages, tooth decay is not painful. However, once it reaches the inner layers and the nerve, it can cause severe pain.
When should you see a dentist about possibly having some tooth decay?
You should have checkups every six months. We take x-rays to catch decay early when it’s easier to treat. If you wait until you have a toothache or visible damage, the decay is usually more advanced. Regular checkups help catch issues early.